「寄生上流」得獎致詞的紅髮女士 - 電影
By Ursula
at 2020-02-11T11:35
at 2020-02-11T11:35
Table of Contents
來源:FB @SforSupplement
原文網址:https://reurl.cc/9zjg4d
https://imgur.com/9j3BYq3
昨晚奧斯卡頒獎典禮,最後代表「寄生上流」致詞的這位紅髮女士名叫李美敬,英文名字
是 Miky Lee。她是寄生上流的重要投資人、CJ 娛樂集團的副總裁。不同於其他幾位上台
領獎的韓國電影從業人員,她不用翻譯協助,自己用英語侃侃而談。
其實她不只英文流利,還會中文和日文。 1981 年她從首爾國立大學畢業後,就曾經到台
大學中文,所以跟台灣還有些淵源。後來又到慶應大學學日語,並且在復旦大學攻讀歷史
博士學位(似乎沒有畢業)。
1980年代,她也曾到哈佛大學攻讀東亞研究的碩士學位。是在美國讀書的期間,她發現了
自己的使命:向世界推廣韓國文化。
在接受媒體訪問時,她曾透露:「我夢想的世界是,全世界的人每周吃一次韓國菜,時常
聽韓國音樂,一年看兩次韓國電影。」
後來這段話,寫進了 CJ 集團的官方簡介中。而她也的確成為這幾十年來韓國流行文化崛
起的重要推手。
李美敬的家世顯赫,祖父是大財閥三星集團的創辦人李秉喆,父親是李秉喆的長子李孟熙
。李孟熙曾經到日本和美國留學,李美敬就是出生在美國,幾年後才回到南韓。
李孟熙原本有機會接手三星集團的大事業,結果據說因為經營能力不佳,被父親廢掉接班
人地位,集團會長一職後來由弟弟李健熙接下,確實也做得有聲有色。而李孟熙不但沒能
接班,甚至連父親的遺產都沒分到。後來兩人還會為此對簿公堂——典型的大家族遺產之
爭。
比較特別的是,當年李秉喆把一部分遺產留給了兒媳婦,也就是李孟熙的太太、李美敬的
媽媽孫福男。後來三星內部組織調整,孫福男趁機與三星分家,把自己擁有的一部分財產
,變成了獨立的 CJ 集團。
所謂 CJ 是「第一製糖」 (Cheil Jedang) 的拼音縮寫。是的,今日投資了包括「寄生上
流」等電影的 CJ 集團,當年可是賣糖起家的,後來也曾經進軍生技產業。
但一間賣糖賣藥的公司,後來怎麼會跑去拍電影呢?這就跟李美敬有大有關係了。
話說當年李美敬在哈佛大學讀書,卻深感韓國文化在國際間的弱勢。哈佛雖然開設了韓文
課程,卻沒甚麼人想要選,大家對韓國文化也不以為意。所以她自靠奮勇,要在校園裡推
廣韓國語言與文化,她還因此結識了後來第一位韓裔世界銀行行長金墉。
畢業之後,她留在美國工作。到了 1994 年,有個機會出現了。當時導演史蒂芬.史匹柏
準備成立夢工廠,正在尋求投資人。李美敬居中牽線,希望讓三星投資,只是當時三星正
專注於發展硬體產業,最後決定不參加。
對於這個失敗的投資案,史匹柏接受媒體採訪時曾說:我們需要找一個會說相同語言的投
資人。
但李美敬或許就是那個會說相同語言的人。她不只會說英語,也懂電影的語言。
她再接再厲,說服了 CJ 集團拿出 3 億美元投資,換得夢工廠 10 %的股權,以及其電影
在亞洲獨家發行權(日本除外)。
但李美敬要的不只是獨家發行權。她的野心更大。她要的是跟好萊塢的專業團隊合作,從
中吸取影視產業的經驗與技術,然後帶回韓國,成就自己的媒體事業。
在那之後,她開始著手打造一座媒體娛樂帝國。與她一同打拼的是她的弟弟、CJ 集團的
會長李在賢,就是她在致詞時感謝的 Jay。
他們兩人不只要投資拍電影,還要做各種基礎建設。當時南韓還沒有大型影城,他們就蓋
了第一座大型影城 CGV ,提升南韓人的觀影體驗;他們也涉足流行音樂,收購了音樂頻
道 Mnet Media,並以財團之力舉辦 Mnet 亞洲音樂大獎,提高韓國音樂在亞洲的能見度
;另外,曾經製播「鬼怪」、「愛的迫降」等韓劇的電視台 tvN ,也是他們媒體版圖的
一部份。
但買糖起家的 CJ 集團沒有因為發展媒體娛樂業而忘記了老本行,他們結合了媒體的雄厚
實力,開始推出電視購物頻道,藉著明星代言,又開始賣日常生活用品,擴張事業版圖。
但 CJ 集團在韓國娛樂圈的勢力之大,不免也引來外界批評,認為他們壟斷產業。
2014年,李美敬接受華盛頓郵報的採訪。儘管在韓國娛樂界位高權重,但這是她第一次接
受國際媒體的專訪。她在辦公室內接受記者拍照,牆壁上掛著的是祖父李秉喆的經營理念
:事業報國、人才第一、合理追求。
她對記者說:「我認為在內容產業上,我們沒有理由做不到韓國在手機和汽車領域所做的
那樣。」
不過受訪當時, CJ 集團正面臨著風風雨雨。會長李在賢被指控逃稅、貪汙,遭到逮捕入
獄。集團與當時總統朴槿惠的關係變得十分緊張,幾年之後,朴槿惠被指控曾經強迫李美
敬辭職退位,外傳是因為她認為李美敬太過「左傾」。
據說朴槿惠有一份左傾的藝文界黑名單,上頭包括著名的導演朴贊郁和演員宋康昊。兩人
都與李美敬有合作關係。
宋康昊也參與了寄生上流的演出,而朴贊郁的電影「原罪犯」,在2004年榮獲坎城影展評
審團大獎,李美敬也推了一把。她說這個獎項是韓國電影踏出國際的重要一步,也讓她往
後在國際行銷韓國電影輕鬆許多。
李美敬因為遺傳性神經疾病,行動不便。(這可能是她在典禮上要人攙扶的原因) 她說
原本以為自己會成為教授,而不是大企業家。
但她畢竟出身豪門中的豪門,是會被寄生的上流。這樣的她,卻選擇投資了一部逼視貧富
差異、批判社會現實的電影。這或許是寄生上流的另一個弔詭了吧。
*延伸閱讀:
- Miky Lee tries to rise to challenge at South Korea’s CJ Group
https://reurl.cc/e5ejzx
- From 'Parasite' to BTS: Meet the Most Important Mogul in South Korean
Entertainment
https://reurl.cc/pDzQ38
--
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電影
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