完全主觀說瓦舍 - 相聲
By Annie
at 2014-04-27T17:17
at 2014-04-27T17:17
Table of Contents
相聲瓦舍的表演,除了《大寡婦豆棚》、《小明小華在偷看》
兩部,據說由於版權問題,一直沒能問世之外,其他都有出版影
音產品,亦即現場演出的錄影、錄音。我全都有買。不選擇進劇
場觀看,是因為喜歡能重複欣賞的文本,而不只一次性的感受。
這麼花錢,感覺比較值得。反過來說,好作品也應該禁得起受眾
反覆地咀嚼、品味,而非如免洗餐具般用完就丟。買影音產品的
另一個好處是可以把內容轉成MP3,方便儲存。除了一定要眼耳
並用的舞台劇《借問ㄞˋ教授(誰殺了羅伯特)》,其餘作品再怎
麼差,也至少有一、兩段勉強值得留在電腦中,偶爾聽聽。
前年,《宋百百的演藝人生》出版,我買回來,看了一遍,至
今沒再拿出來,也沒有將任何一段轉為MP3。昨天,看完最新上
市的《迷香》那一刻,我恨不得有時光機能回到幾個小時前阻止自
己花四百多塊換來整夜揮之不去的鬱悶。連續兩部作品都是免洗筷
等級了,「失望」根本不足以形容我的感受。
從形式來說,可以簡單將瓦舍的表演分為三類:
1.相聲,其中新編者居多,如《誰唬嚨我》、《並不太熟》,而演出傳
統段目的,只有《張飛要出來了別害怕》、《哈戲族》、《他怎麼那麼
紅》及《笑神來了誰知道》四部(其實還有一套錄音作品《相聲來
了》,當初花了上千元買的,結果……不如回頭聽吳魏)。
2.相聲劇,和前者的分別在於演員們有進入角色,例如《相聲說垮鬼
子們》,表演者是身在抗戰時期大後方重慶的梁小秋與舒大春,而非
宋少卿和馮翊綱。同類型還有《狀元模擬考》、《大唐馬屁精》等作。
3.舞台劇,必須有影有音,若單靠耳朵會失去大多數的細節,如《借
問ㄞˋ教授(誰殺了羅伯特)》和《迷香》。
瓦舍在傳統相聲方面的表現並不出色,事實上可以說他們很早就
放棄這一區塊了。最晚的一部《笑神來了誰知道》在2002年首演(
影音作品則是事後在棚內錄影,非現場演出,2008年發行),之後再
也沒有純粹表演傳統相聲的場次。這樣也好,畢竟瓦舍對於傳統段子
的掌握,火候不夠,表演起來只會自曝其短,《他怎麼那麼紅》(和那
套昂貴卻空洞的《相聲來了》)就是例證。不過,《張飛要出來了別害
怕》與《哈戲族》在當年,還算有些推廣傳統藝術的價值,馮宋二人
也正活力充沛,稍稍補救了表演上的不成熟;而《笑神來了誰知道》請
來常寶華,令臺灣觀眾得一睹大師風采,也該記上一功。
比起已經基本定型的傳統相聲,瓦舍將大多數精神都投入新編作
品,無論是相聲或相聲劇,以更自由地發揮,無限制地表現自己想講
的東西。這些年來,我一直把《東廠僅一位》視為瓦舍作品的分水嶺,
此前的八部作品奠定瓦舍在我心中的地位,之後的演出,則不斷動搖、
甚至幾欲摧毀這個形象。《相聲說垮鬼子們》、《狀元模擬考》和《大
唐馬屁精》是瓦舍最好的三部相聲劇,《誰唬嚨我》則始終是馮宋最
優秀的新編相聲,而它們都屬於「前期」作品。《東廠僅一位》以下,
用「每況愈下」形容或許太過籠統,但至少可以說「大不如前」。究
竟發生了什麼變化呢?
試圖指出某某作品的缺點,不免要先設立「好」的基準何在。關
於相聲的好壞,最基本的判準自然是:笑,它必須能令受眾發笑、覺
得可樂,這是相聲與其他藝術形式最大的不同處。沒有包袱(笑料),
不成相聲。無法逗人樂的段子不但不是好作品,甚至根本不能稱為相
聲。其次,相聲是語言的藝術,表演著重在語言,如何透過對話交鋒
或講述故事逗樂受眾,是相聲演員必須鑽研的。相聲,有相有聲,但
更關鍵的是創造有「相」之「聲」,讓「聲」中能含「相」。受眾主要
由聲音中取得形相、獲得娛樂,相對地,演員也主要靠一張嘴,表情、
肢體僅為輔助。最後,好的相聲表演就如同優秀的藝術作品,必須是
雋永的、耐於咀嚼的。一個段子、一部作品,能否禁得起兩次以上,
十次、二十次的欣賞後,仍然令人覺得有味,是作品最大的考驗。
為什麼前面將《相聲說垮鬼子們》等四部作品評為相聲瓦舍的代
表作,即因它們從頭到尾完全符合上述三個標準。《東廠僅一位》開
始,劇本設計的包袱未必比較少,然而卻被淹沒在其他問題中,失去
了前期作品的優良品質。最主要的問題大抵有三:
1.《東廠僅一位》和緊接著的《蠢嗄揪疼》,主題嚴肅,風格沈重,幾
乎將所有包袱壓得抖不開,之後的《上次這次下次》與《惡鄰依依》
也有這樣的傾向。於此同時,二馬的劇本也愈來愈喜愛載道說理,毫
不克制地以一種高高在上的姿態,向受眾灌輸一卡車的生硬道理,彷
彿自己肩負著喚醒社會良知的偉大工程,而他不是個表演者,倒更像
教育家。這一類例子族繁不及備載,大概除了混亂的校園劇《記得當
時那個小》和《第十九屆新春聯賀歲歡晚會》之外,《東廠僅一位》
之後的作品都有不同程度的表現。沈重的主題風格和生硬的說教佈
道,壓縮了相聲應有的趣味性、娛樂性,自然不會是什麼好作品。
2.作為一個相聲演員,宋酋長是瓦舍唯一台柱,捧逗俱佳,最起碼,
他能讓人發笑;二馬從《東廠僅一位》開始,如前所述,性格轉變(
或者說露出本性),捧哏沒問題,逗哏很危險,一不小心就變成老學
究上課。至於其他演員,只客串過一次的如曾國城之輩姑且不提,其
餘者,或太過,或不及,大有問題。以馮宋之外的兩位固定演員——
黃士偉和御天十兵衛來說,前者多年來不改浮誇本色,聲音表情太過,
肢體語言喧賓奪主,根本不適合說相聲;後者口齒依然不清不楚,表演
有時太過、有時不及,進步幅度十分有限。因此,往往就演員的上場時
長和搭檔模式,便能大致判斷一部作品的好壞。宋酋長上場時間越多越
好,最好還是逗哏;二馬上場,只捧哏不逗哏;黃士偉和御天十兵衛的
戲份越少越好,最好別出現——假如符合這個安排,就有了起碼的「品
質保證」,《蔣先生你幹什麼》與《兩光康樂隊》即是如此。
3.大剌剌赤裸裸的肉身,往往不如薄紗短裙、吊嘎內褲半掩半露來得有
美感和想像空間。包袱也是同樣道理,膚淺的、露骨的、重口味的,或
許在第一次、第二次能令人發笑,但欣賞到第二十次猶能引起會心一笑
的,恐怕只有那些含蓄的、需思考的、有深意的橋段。當主題風格、說
教心態和演員表現不斷影響作品的同時,《東廠僅一位》之後瓦舍準備
的包袱,含蓄者少而露骨者多,如《惡鄰依依》,這麼久以來我應該只
聽了不超過三次。我關注的不是雅俗問題,而是表達方式。同樣以國
罵作包袱,為什麼《大唐馬屁精》上半場〈太史公貓 〉中,一次無聲
勝有聲,一次貓聲貓語地諧擬,能夠響徹全場、令人印象深刻,之後作
品再多的「幹」,都只左耳進右耳出、僅是過眼雲煙而已呢?
可樂並雋永的語言藝術,《相聲說垮鬼子們》等四部相聲瓦舍最好
的作品,完全符合這個標準,另四部前期作品則大抵接近於此。《東廠
僅一位》之後,或無聊,或淺陋,或只是破碎的語言,離「好」越來越
遠,甚至離相聲越來越遠。持平地說,《蔣先生你幹什麼》、《公公徹夜
未眠》和《兩光康樂隊》,是比較值得欣賞的作品,雖然都各自有無法
忽視的缺點;《鄧力軍》主要是二馬逗哏,無論劇本或表現皆平平,頗
為無聊;《戰國廁前傳》延續《誰唬嚨我》、《並不太熟》的創作模式,
成果卻是狗尾續貂,不如不看;《宋百百的演藝人生》,純是東拼西湊、
資源回收的騙錢貨。其餘作品,前面提到都是缺點居多,但若想輕鬆一
下,《記得當時那個小》和《第十九屆新春聯賀歲歡晚會》不妨看看(
這兩部加上《東廠僅一位》,因為「演」的成份重,反而是黃士偉表現
比較好的作品);而《上次這次下次》的上半場,宋酋長的演出頗為精
彩;至於《惡鄰依依》,創作模式、修辭手法與〈戰國廁〉、〈八街市場〉
相同,從這個角度說是有文學性的,並且也能見出二馬個人對於家國、
歷史的情懷。
以上簡單地表達個人對十幾年來相聲瓦舍作品(不含《大寡婦豆
棚》、《小明小華在偷看》和未發行影音產品的《情聖阿弱》、《瓦舍說
金庸》)的看法,當中不免有過度放大的苛刻,以及記憶中的美好引
發「貴古賤今」的心態,甚至是根本誤讀、不懂二馬精深奧妙的劇本
的可能。不過早已開宗明義地說了,從頭到尾都是「完全主觀」的,各
種前提和標準也試著稍作說明,是否有理就留給大家自行檢驗吧。
至於略過不提的舞台劇作品……《又一村(竹林7嫌)》定位尷尬,
我不知道該不該將之列入瓦舍的創作。《借問ㄞˋ教授(誰殺了羅伯特)》
的劇本還算有趣,只不過實際演出時,除了宋酋長,所有演員都流於表
面。同樣問題也出現在《迷香》當中,不過這次連劇本都一塌糊塗。說
句不客氣的話:如果作者不是二馬,如果沒有相聲瓦舍這個劇團,我很
好奇這份劇本真.的.有.人.要.嗎?再補句不中聽的話:若真想看
「舞台劇」,身為觀眾我們有更好的選擇,哪輪得到你「相聲」瓦舍?
--
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http://sfcgbc.pixnet.net/blog/post/120347819
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