迪士尼股價四年來跌近 40% Disney+ 痛失 - 電影
By Rae
at 2023-06-17T18:22
at 2023-06-17T18:22
Table of Contents
迪士尼股價四年來跌近 40%、Disney+ 痛失 400 萬訂戶!高層下錯了哪 3 步棋?
2023-06-16
整理 安迪酪
https://i.imgur.com/CSWlDjm.jpg
去年 Disney+ 一度超車 Netflix,成為全球訂閱數最多的串流平台霸主,外界曾認為挾
帶強大 IP 庫的 Disney+ 應能繼續穩坐冠軍。
但如今 Disney+ 已連兩季訂閱數下跌,根據迪士尼 5 月 10 日發布的第二季財報,Disn
ey+ 訂閱戶數減少 400 萬,是上線以來最慘下跌記錄,訂閱戶數跌破 1.6 億大關,相較
Netflix 今年第一季報告的 2.3 億戶訂閱數,差距愈拉愈開,迪士尼「內容為王」的神
話儼然破滅。
自 Disney+ 上線後,迪士尼為了養大其原創內容庫,持續燒出更大的財務黑洞已經不是
新聞,光過去兩年 Disney+ 就推出 8 部、總計 57 集的獨家漫威(Marvel)影集。
官方雖未揭露實際成本,但據《好萊塢報導》推估,漫威系列的單集製作費用高達 2500
萬美元。
迪士尼在原創內容上不惜血本,卻沒有換來訂戶數持續成長,而該公司似乎打算開始滅火
了。
據《華爾街日報》報導,迪士尼去年甫回鍋的傳奇執行長羅伯特.艾格(Robert Iger)
,在 5 月初的財報電話會議中指出,將持續調整原創內容的產量及支出,「好讓相對報
酬,更合理一點。」
Disney+ 表現黯淡、公司股價比四年前跌近 40%,迪士尼高層下錯了哪幾步棋?
投資研究機構 New Constructs 指出,迪士尼是當今擁有最多 IP 的媒體公司,除了自家
百年來在內容創作上的耕耘,舉凡《星際大戰》、漫威系列,以及 21 世紀福斯(21st C
entury Fox)旗下作品都是其內容庫的一部分。
然而近期除了 Disney+ 表現不甚理想,迪士尼的股價甚至比四年前低了近 4 成,股票投
報率也不復以往的 2 位數。
明明一手好牌,怎麼會打成這樣?
《Fortune》資深記者蕭恩 塔利(Shawn Tully)詳盡分析迪士尼近期的策略,歸結出 3
點其高層所犯的致命錯誤:
誤判 1:天價買下 21 世紀福斯,造成難以彌補的財務坑洞
首先,2019 年迪士尼斥資 520 億美元大手筆買下 21 世紀福斯影業,意圖擴充電影與電
視節目類型內容。
這樁世紀聯姻就戰略角度來看非常合理,兩家內容有著高度互補之處,但塔利卻指出,迪
士尼為此付出的價格實在高於行情。
據私募基金公司 Trian 分析,當時迪士尼出手價格約是 21 世紀福斯影業其「稅息前折
舊攤銷前利潤(EBITDA)」的 26 倍(編按:EBITDA 是種用來衡量企業價值、獲利能力
的計算公式,是跨國併購中買賣雙方、投資銀行常參考的指標)。
一般來說併購出手價多是 EBITDA 的數倍不等。
Trian 指出照市場過往類似的併購案例,迪士尼併 21 世紀福斯頂多出手 EBITDA 的 10
幾倍,就算是合理的好價格,而 26 倍幾乎是行情的兩倍。
塔利指出,該樁天價併購仍持續影響迪士尼的財務,即便除卻 Disney+ 的虧損額,迪士
尼截至 2022 年的年度淨利相比併購前的財年(2018),也少了約 60 億美元,嚴重影響
市場對這支股票獲利能力的評價。
誤判 2:為了拼 Disney+ 用戶成長,犧牲獲利
迪士尼高層犯下的第二個錯誤是:為換取 Disney+ 用戶增長,過度犧牲獲利。
2019 年底 Disney + 上線時,官方定下了 2024 前訂閱戶數達 6000 萬~9000 萬的目標
。
該數字不僅一年內就達標,甚至去年中已翻倍,訂閱戶數突破 1.6 億。
Disney+ 以閃電速度擴大全球市占,雖一度換取到市場信任,帶領迪士尼在 2021 年創下
股價新高,但背後不良獲利體質的隱憂卻逐漸顯現。
例如當初 Disney+ 為進軍印度市場推出的 Disney+ Hotstar,雖然替 Disney+ 在 2020
年帶進超過一半的新訂戶,但其平均訂價約是美國訂戶的 1/6 。
迪士尼卻為此砸大錢,重製接地氣的內容、字幕,引入更受印度當地歡迎的賽事轉播、電
視節目。
兩年過去,迪士尼不僅沒能將這些選擇便宜方案的訂戶,轉換成願意掏錢收看更多內容的
Premium 用戶,在去年底,Disney+ 與印度超級板球聯賽(相當於印度的超級盃)的轉
播權到期後,Disney+ Hotstar 更喪失大壁之前以流血價打下的江山,而這也是 Disney+
今年第二季訂戶數重挫的主因之一。
誤判 3:製作方不直接承擔作品損益,難以量化投資報酬率
最後一個致命錯誤是,艾格回鍋前的前任 CEO 鮑伯 查佩克(Bob Chapek)在 2020 年上
任時 改變了內容製作單位在財務方面的權責。
以往迪士尼的內容創作者須對其製作的電影、節目的財務表現負起全責。
但查佩克卻決定將製作與發行拆發,集中交給迪士尼媒體和娛樂發行公司(DMED)。
由該單位負責所有作品的行銷與發行,決定一部電影該上院線、Disney+ 還是有線電視,
並由該單位扛下作品的營收表現。
由於製作方不直接承擔作品損益,不僅成本的投資報酬率難量化,劇組也難以得到直接回
饋,打擊創作士氣。
https://i.imgur.com/H3wbhoj.jpg
《平台假象》作者:媒體公司的獲利能力與「內容為王」其實毫無關係
綜合以上三點,可看出迪士尼不惜血本擴充內容,試圖抓住更多眼球的同時,來了人流卻
不一定有金流。
《平台假象》作者強納森 尼(Jonathan Knee)指出,過去媒體龍頭可以賺進豐沛利潤,
常讓人誤以為是其產製內容優異的結果,但事實上媒體公司的獲利能力與「內容為王」毫
無關係。
尼認為,內容創作本身其實無法享有太多收益,一來是因為其投資報酬難以保證,畢竟爆
紅大片往往並非可以預料,再來是純內容的公司,顧客依賴度極低,觀眾很少因為喜歡的
某部電影來自 A 影業,就專挑 A 影業的電影來看。
真正讓媒體公司得利的來自「內容整合能力」,像是有線電視頻道。
尼指出,儘管電影製片公司向來較受大眾矚目,但單純集結各家電影、動畫、電視節目的
有線電視業者,賺進的利潤通常是製片廠的好幾倍。
原因是內容整合較具規模經濟,前期雖需投入高昂固定成本、建立龐大基礎設施,但只要
有足夠數量的用戶分攤成本,就能穩定享有高收益。
例如有線電視巨頭哥倫比亞廣播集團(CBS)與擁有派拉蒙(Paramount)、夢工廠(Drea
mWorks)的維亞康姆公司(Viacom)合併後的新企業有 82% 的獲利都來自有線電視頻道
。
就連 Netflix 至今在串流領域的成功,也是來自早期整合 DVD 內容的訂閱服務、提供觀
眾原先電視上看不到的內容。
甩開「內容為王」迷思!迪士尼大刀砍 30 億美元內容製作成本
如今艾格似乎也想打破內容為王的迷思,著手開源節流。
艾格不僅在今年第一季宣布公司將陸續裁員 7000 人、削減 30 億美元的內容製作成本,
財務長克里斯汀 麥卡錫 (Christine McCarthy) 5 月初也宣布今年底前將持續刪減 Disn
ey+ 上的原創內容產量,最快第三季財報上就能看到成效。
另外,Disney+ 去年底開始的漲價措施(北美地區的無廣告 Disney+ 月費增加 3 美元)
雖然導致訂戶流失,但也改善了虧損狀況,Disney+ 在第二季的虧損比前一季少了 4 億
美元。
趁勝追擊的艾格在 5 月初的財報會議指出,年底前 Disney+ 將再漲價一波,而屆時有望
將 Hulu(迪士尼在美國另一擁有約 4000 萬訂閱戶的串流平台)的內容也整合進 Disney
+ 中,據《Variety》報導,目前北美地區一起訂閱 Disney+ 與 Hulu 的無廣告套組價格
為每月 19.99 美元。
新聞網址:
https://www.managertoday.com.tw/articles/view/66924
魚人小美:怪我嘍?
https://i.imgur.com/iYqq7Qk.jpg
https://i.imgur.com/StmnUCl.jpg
https://i.imgur.com/febKWdO.jpg
--
2023-06-16
整理 安迪酪
https://i.imgur.com/CSWlDjm.jpg
去年 Disney+ 一度超車 Netflix,成為全球訂閱數最多的串流平台霸主,外界曾認為挾
帶強大 IP 庫的 Disney+ 應能繼續穩坐冠軍。
但如今 Disney+ 已連兩季訂閱數下跌,根據迪士尼 5 月 10 日發布的第二季財報,Disn
ey+ 訂閱戶數減少 400 萬,是上線以來最慘下跌記錄,訂閱戶數跌破 1.6 億大關,相較
Netflix 今年第一季報告的 2.3 億戶訂閱數,差距愈拉愈開,迪士尼「內容為王」的神
話儼然破滅。
自 Disney+ 上線後,迪士尼為了養大其原創內容庫,持續燒出更大的財務黑洞已經不是
新聞,光過去兩年 Disney+ 就推出 8 部、總計 57 集的獨家漫威(Marvel)影集。
官方雖未揭露實際成本,但據《好萊塢報導》推估,漫威系列的單集製作費用高達 2500
萬美元。
迪士尼在原創內容上不惜血本,卻沒有換來訂戶數持續成長,而該公司似乎打算開始滅火
了。
據《華爾街日報》報導,迪士尼去年甫回鍋的傳奇執行長羅伯特.艾格(Robert Iger)
,在 5 月初的財報電話會議中指出,將持續調整原創內容的產量及支出,「好讓相對報
酬,更合理一點。」
Disney+ 表現黯淡、公司股價比四年前跌近 40%,迪士尼高層下錯了哪幾步棋?
投資研究機構 New Constructs 指出,迪士尼是當今擁有最多 IP 的媒體公司,除了自家
百年來在內容創作上的耕耘,舉凡《星際大戰》、漫威系列,以及 21 世紀福斯(21st C
entury Fox)旗下作品都是其內容庫的一部分。
然而近期除了 Disney+ 表現不甚理想,迪士尼的股價甚至比四年前低了近 4 成,股票投
報率也不復以往的 2 位數。
明明一手好牌,怎麼會打成這樣?
《Fortune》資深記者蕭恩 塔利(Shawn Tully)詳盡分析迪士尼近期的策略,歸結出 3
點其高層所犯的致命錯誤:
誤判 1:天價買下 21 世紀福斯,造成難以彌補的財務坑洞
首先,2019 年迪士尼斥資 520 億美元大手筆買下 21 世紀福斯影業,意圖擴充電影與電
視節目類型內容。
這樁世紀聯姻就戰略角度來看非常合理,兩家內容有著高度互補之處,但塔利卻指出,迪
士尼為此付出的價格實在高於行情。
據私募基金公司 Trian 分析,當時迪士尼出手價格約是 21 世紀福斯影業其「稅息前折
舊攤銷前利潤(EBITDA)」的 26 倍(編按:EBITDA 是種用來衡量企業價值、獲利能力
的計算公式,是跨國併購中買賣雙方、投資銀行常參考的指標)。
一般來說併購出手價多是 EBITDA 的數倍不等。
Trian 指出照市場過往類似的併購案例,迪士尼併 21 世紀福斯頂多出手 EBITDA 的 10
幾倍,就算是合理的好價格,而 26 倍幾乎是行情的兩倍。
塔利指出,該樁天價併購仍持續影響迪士尼的財務,即便除卻 Disney+ 的虧損額,迪士
尼截至 2022 年的年度淨利相比併購前的財年(2018),也少了約 60 億美元,嚴重影響
市場對這支股票獲利能力的評價。
誤判 2:為了拼 Disney+ 用戶成長,犧牲獲利
迪士尼高層犯下的第二個錯誤是:為換取 Disney+ 用戶增長,過度犧牲獲利。
2019 年底 Disney + 上線時,官方定下了 2024 前訂閱戶數達 6000 萬~9000 萬的目標
。
該數字不僅一年內就達標,甚至去年中已翻倍,訂閱戶數突破 1.6 億。
Disney+ 以閃電速度擴大全球市占,雖一度換取到市場信任,帶領迪士尼在 2021 年創下
股價新高,但背後不良獲利體質的隱憂卻逐漸顯現。
例如當初 Disney+ 為進軍印度市場推出的 Disney+ Hotstar,雖然替 Disney+ 在 2020
年帶進超過一半的新訂戶,但其平均訂價約是美國訂戶的 1/6 。
迪士尼卻為此砸大錢,重製接地氣的內容、字幕,引入更受印度當地歡迎的賽事轉播、電
視節目。
兩年過去,迪士尼不僅沒能將這些選擇便宜方案的訂戶,轉換成願意掏錢收看更多內容的
Premium 用戶,在去年底,Disney+ 與印度超級板球聯賽(相當於印度的超級盃)的轉
播權到期後,Disney+ Hotstar 更喪失大壁之前以流血價打下的江山,而這也是 Disney+
今年第二季訂戶數重挫的主因之一。
誤判 3:製作方不直接承擔作品損益,難以量化投資報酬率
最後一個致命錯誤是,艾格回鍋前的前任 CEO 鮑伯 查佩克(Bob Chapek)在 2020 年上
任時 改變了內容製作單位在財務方面的權責。
以往迪士尼的內容創作者須對其製作的電影、節目的財務表現負起全責。
但查佩克卻決定將製作與發行拆發,集中交給迪士尼媒體和娛樂發行公司(DMED)。
由該單位負責所有作品的行銷與發行,決定一部電影該上院線、Disney+ 還是有線電視,
並由該單位扛下作品的營收表現。
由於製作方不直接承擔作品損益,不僅成本的投資報酬率難量化,劇組也難以得到直接回
饋,打擊創作士氣。
https://i.imgur.com/H3wbhoj.jpg
《平台假象》作者:媒體公司的獲利能力與「內容為王」其實毫無關係
綜合以上三點,可看出迪士尼不惜血本擴充內容,試圖抓住更多眼球的同時,來了人流卻
不一定有金流。
《平台假象》作者強納森 尼(Jonathan Knee)指出,過去媒體龍頭可以賺進豐沛利潤,
常讓人誤以為是其產製內容優異的結果,但事實上媒體公司的獲利能力與「內容為王」毫
無關係。
尼認為,內容創作本身其實無法享有太多收益,一來是因為其投資報酬難以保證,畢竟爆
紅大片往往並非可以預料,再來是純內容的公司,顧客依賴度極低,觀眾很少因為喜歡的
某部電影來自 A 影業,就專挑 A 影業的電影來看。
真正讓媒體公司得利的來自「內容整合能力」,像是有線電視頻道。
尼指出,儘管電影製片公司向來較受大眾矚目,但單純集結各家電影、動畫、電視節目的
有線電視業者,賺進的利潤通常是製片廠的好幾倍。
原因是內容整合較具規模經濟,前期雖需投入高昂固定成本、建立龐大基礎設施,但只要
有足夠數量的用戶分攤成本,就能穩定享有高收益。
例如有線電視巨頭哥倫比亞廣播集團(CBS)與擁有派拉蒙(Paramount)、夢工廠(Drea
mWorks)的維亞康姆公司(Viacom)合併後的新企業有 82% 的獲利都來自有線電視頻道
。
就連 Netflix 至今在串流領域的成功,也是來自早期整合 DVD 內容的訂閱服務、提供觀
眾原先電視上看不到的內容。
甩開「內容為王」迷思!迪士尼大刀砍 30 億美元內容製作成本
如今艾格似乎也想打破內容為王的迷思,著手開源節流。
艾格不僅在今年第一季宣布公司將陸續裁員 7000 人、削減 30 億美元的內容製作成本,
財務長克里斯汀 麥卡錫 (Christine McCarthy) 5 月初也宣布今年底前將持續刪減 Disn
ey+ 上的原創內容產量,最快第三季財報上就能看到成效。
另外,Disney+ 去年底開始的漲價措施(北美地區的無廣告 Disney+ 月費增加 3 美元)
雖然導致訂戶流失,但也改善了虧損狀況,Disney+ 在第二季的虧損比前一季少了 4 億
美元。
趁勝追擊的艾格在 5 月初的財報會議指出,年底前 Disney+ 將再漲價一波,而屆時有望
將 Hulu(迪士尼在美國另一擁有約 4000 萬訂閱戶的串流平台)的內容也整合進 Disney
+ 中,據《Variety》報導,目前北美地區一起訂閱 Disney+ 與 Hulu 的無廣告套組價格
為每月 19.99 美元。
新聞網址:
https://www.managertoday.com.tw/articles/view/66924
魚人小美:怪我嘍?
https://i.imgur.com/iYqq7Qk.jpg
https://i.imgur.com/StmnUCl.jpg
https://i.imgur.com/febKWdO.jpg
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