研究證實:好萊塢2007之後缺乏「多元性」 - 電影

By Emily
at 2015-08-07T01:08
at 2015-08-07T01:08
Table of Contents
新聞網址:http://www.hypesphere.com/archives/57654
[新聞] 照著公式拍電影?研究證實好萊塢電影 2007 年之後缺乏「多元性」
撰文 / DColin
以免你不知道,好萊塢並不能代表你我周圍的真實世界。一個近期的研究報告肯定了這
樣的說法,因為白人在好萊塢最賣座的電影當中,取得超乎常理的領導優勢。一個由
加州大學(University of California)安納堡傳播暨新聞學院(Annenberg School
for Communication and Journalism)中的 Media, Diversity & Social Change
Initiative 單位主持的計畫報告,觀閱了 2007 年到 2014 年前 700 名最賣座的電影
,並發現了偏差卻不讓人意外的研究結果。
1.有台詞或有名稱的角色,在前一百部電影當中有 73.1% 是白人。而在全部 700 電影
當中,有 69.8% 的角色是男性,造成性別比 2.3 比 1。
2.在前一百名的電影當中,只有 21 部是由女性領銜,或是女性有類似主角的共同演出
。而綜觀全部的 700 部電影,年齡介於 40 歲和 64 歲的角色,只有 21.8% 是女性。
3.事情來到銀光幕之後就變得更糟:在 2014 年的前一百部電影當中,只有 15.8% 的
內容創作者(包括導演、編劇、製作人等)是女性,而在導演之中只有 1.9% 是女性。
4.女性的數據不只是低於實際的情況,他們也比男性更容易被物化:在 2014 年,女性
比男性更容易以性感的服飾登場(27.9% 的女性 vs. 8% 的男性),或是帶有裸露的
鏡頭(26.4% 的女性 vs. 9.1% 的男性),甚至被影射為身材或長相具有吸引力(12.6
%的女性 vs. 3.1% 的男性)。
5.以免你只覺得物化存在於成年女性,研究發現青少年女性(13 到 20 歲)與年輕成
年女性(21 到 39 歲)同樣容易被物化。
6.在 2014 年前一百名的電影當中,107 位導演當中只有 5 位是黑人(4.7%),而只
有 19 名亞裔導演出現在前 700 名的賣座電影名單。
7.在 2014 年前一百名的電影當中,4610 名有台詞的角色,只有驚人的「19人」是同
性戀或雙性戀。
所以,沒有錯,這其中果然有些問題。白人男性並沒有貢獻 73.1% 的觀影群眾─尤其
是在一個國外票房比國內票房更關鍵的時代─所以到底是什麼造成大銀幕前這樣的比
例?女性構成全球一半的人口,也購買了一半的電影票。為何好萊塢總是將她們邊緣
化成「女性主角」、「性感尤物」或是「配角」?為何女性就是不行當電影當中的「
主角」?為何每個電影的組合都是三個男性配上一個女性?
這不是我們生存的世界,但數據證明這是電影販售給我們的世界。而這個問題遠超乎「
多把一些女性或是少數族群擺到銀幕上」的說法。電影往往是我們身為人類希望、夢想
或是幻想的反照─我們想當印第安納瓊斯(Indiana Jones),我們想當鋼鐵人(Iron
Man)─但當我們將這些英雄以白人男性來填充,這對於充滿多樣性的觀眾釋出了什麼
樣的訊息?
在大銀幕上反映出自己相當重要,當好萊塢的強檔鉅片有一天能把廣大的國際觀眾放在
心上,銀幕上多樣性(或是缺乏多樣性)的影響將不容被忽視。
再者,增加大銀幕上的多樣性似乎不會影響好萊塢電影的票房。《玩命關頭》(The
Fast & Furious)系列電影一躍成為電影中數一數二賣座的系列,就是因為它更全面的
視野以及多元的卡司陣容,《星際大戰》(Star Wars)似乎也想打破窠臼往前進一步
(導演J.J.亞博拉漢(J.J. Abrams)的相關說法:http://nbcnews.to/1M90o95 )
而且近期也有越來越多女性主演的電影往往可以在票房當中搶下好成績:
《飢餓遊戲》(The Hunger Games)、《冰雪奇緣》(Frozen)、《黑魔女:沉睡魔咒
》(Maleficent)、《控制》(Gone Girl)、《露西》(Lucy)、《地心引力》(
Gravity)、《生命中美好的缺憾》(The Fault in Our Stars)、《麻辣嬌鋒》(The
Heat)、《伴娘我最大》(Bridesmaids)、《麻辣間諜》(Spy)、《仙履奇緣》(
Cinderella)、《歌喉讚》(Pitch Perfect)、《歌喉讚2》(Pitch Perfect 2)、
《姐姐愛最大》(Trainwreck)、《瘋狂麥斯:憤怒道》(Mad Max: Fury Road)、《
腦筋急轉彎》(Inside Out),我可以沒日沒夜說下去。證據就擺在那邊。
女性主演的電影可以賺很多的錢(所以保羅費格(Paul Feig)的《魔鬼剋星》(
Ghostbusters)走在正確的道路上),而《不可能的任務:失控國度》(Mission:
Impossible – Rogue Nation)也證明女性角色不需要是「性感尤物」,她也可以跟
男性一樣狠,甚至可以是電影男星的翻本,跟他同樣─假如沒有超越他─使人讚嘆。
各位男性們,這是可能的,我保證。你就只需要去嘗試。
簡單來說,好萊塢有個嚴重的多樣性問題,而這也沒有什麼可以開脫的理由。算算也
差不多是時間,我們好好認真反省我們所居住的世界。
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
參考外電:Collider
Hollywood Has a Major Diversity Problem, Study Confirms
http://bit.ly/1IZxY0T
--
[新聞] 照著公式拍電影?研究證實好萊塢電影 2007 年之後缺乏「多元性」
撰文 / DColin
以免你不知道,好萊塢並不能代表你我周圍的真實世界。一個近期的研究報告肯定了這
樣的說法,因為白人在好萊塢最賣座的電影當中,取得超乎常理的領導優勢。一個由
加州大學(University of California)安納堡傳播暨新聞學院(Annenberg School
for Communication and Journalism)中的 Media, Diversity & Social Change
Initiative 單位主持的計畫報告,觀閱了 2007 年到 2014 年前 700 名最賣座的電影
,並發現了偏差卻不讓人意外的研究結果。
1.有台詞或有名稱的角色,在前一百部電影當中有 73.1% 是白人。而在全部 700 電影
當中,有 69.8% 的角色是男性,造成性別比 2.3 比 1。
2.在前一百名的電影當中,只有 21 部是由女性領銜,或是女性有類似主角的共同演出
。而綜觀全部的 700 部電影,年齡介於 40 歲和 64 歲的角色,只有 21.8% 是女性。
3.事情來到銀光幕之後就變得更糟:在 2014 年的前一百部電影當中,只有 15.8% 的
內容創作者(包括導演、編劇、製作人等)是女性,而在導演之中只有 1.9% 是女性。
4.女性的數據不只是低於實際的情況,他們也比男性更容易被物化:在 2014 年,女性
比男性更容易以性感的服飾登場(27.9% 的女性 vs. 8% 的男性),或是帶有裸露的
鏡頭(26.4% 的女性 vs. 9.1% 的男性),甚至被影射為身材或長相具有吸引力(12.6
%的女性 vs. 3.1% 的男性)。
5.以免你只覺得物化存在於成年女性,研究發現青少年女性(13 到 20 歲)與年輕成
年女性(21 到 39 歲)同樣容易被物化。
6.在 2014 年前一百名的電影當中,107 位導演當中只有 5 位是黑人(4.7%),而只
有 19 名亞裔導演出現在前 700 名的賣座電影名單。
7.在 2014 年前一百名的電影當中,4610 名有台詞的角色,只有驚人的「19人」是同
性戀或雙性戀。
所以,沒有錯,這其中果然有些問題。白人男性並沒有貢獻 73.1% 的觀影群眾─尤其
是在一個國外票房比國內票房更關鍵的時代─所以到底是什麼造成大銀幕前這樣的比
例?女性構成全球一半的人口,也購買了一半的電影票。為何好萊塢總是將她們邊緣
化成「女性主角」、「性感尤物」或是「配角」?為何女性就是不行當電影當中的「
主角」?為何每個電影的組合都是三個男性配上一個女性?
這不是我們生存的世界,但數據證明這是電影販售給我們的世界。而這個問題遠超乎「
多把一些女性或是少數族群擺到銀幕上」的說法。電影往往是我們身為人類希望、夢想
或是幻想的反照─我們想當印第安納瓊斯(Indiana Jones),我們想當鋼鐵人(Iron
Man)─但當我們將這些英雄以白人男性來填充,這對於充滿多樣性的觀眾釋出了什麼
樣的訊息?
在大銀幕上反映出自己相當重要,當好萊塢的強檔鉅片有一天能把廣大的國際觀眾放在
心上,銀幕上多樣性(或是缺乏多樣性)的影響將不容被忽視。
再者,增加大銀幕上的多樣性似乎不會影響好萊塢電影的票房。《玩命關頭》(The
Fast & Furious)系列電影一躍成為電影中數一數二賣座的系列,就是因為它更全面的
視野以及多元的卡司陣容,《星際大戰》(Star Wars)似乎也想打破窠臼往前進一步
(導演J.J.亞博拉漢(J.J. Abrams)的相關說法:http://nbcnews.to/1M90o95 )
而且近期也有越來越多女性主演的電影往往可以在票房當中搶下好成績:
《飢餓遊戲》(The Hunger Games)、《冰雪奇緣》(Frozen)、《黑魔女:沉睡魔咒
》(Maleficent)、《控制》(Gone Girl)、《露西》(Lucy)、《地心引力》(
Gravity)、《生命中美好的缺憾》(The Fault in Our Stars)、《麻辣嬌鋒》(The
Heat)、《伴娘我最大》(Bridesmaids)、《麻辣間諜》(Spy)、《仙履奇緣》(
Cinderella)、《歌喉讚》(Pitch Perfect)、《歌喉讚2》(Pitch Perfect 2)、
《姐姐愛最大》(Trainwreck)、《瘋狂麥斯:憤怒道》(Mad Max: Fury Road)、《
腦筋急轉彎》(Inside Out),我可以沒日沒夜說下去。證據就擺在那邊。
女性主演的電影可以賺很多的錢(所以保羅費格(Paul Feig)的《魔鬼剋星》(
Ghostbusters)走在正確的道路上),而《不可能的任務:失控國度》(Mission:
Impossible – Rogue Nation)也證明女性角色不需要是「性感尤物」,她也可以跟
男性一樣狠,甚至可以是電影男星的翻本,跟他同樣─假如沒有超越他─使人讚嘆。
各位男性們,這是可能的,我保證。你就只需要去嘗試。
簡單來說,好萊塢有個嚴重的多樣性問題,而這也沒有什麼可以開脫的理由。算算也
差不多是時間,我們好好認真反省我們所居住的世界。
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
參考外電:Collider
Hollywood Has a Major Diversity Problem, Study Confirms
http://bit.ly/1IZxY0T
--
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