Re: 李安的電影就是藝術 蔡明亮的電影裸露就是色情 - 電影
By Delia
at 2007-09-04T15:29
at 2007-09-04T15:29
Table of Contents
我覺得比較有趣的是,為什麼藝術不能表現色情?
這真的是件很荒謬的事。
蔡明亮的天邊一朵雲題材鎖定的就是A片演員的心境,
如何不顯得色情?
藝術的情慾表現都只能遮遮掩掩、迂迂迴迴、含羞靦腆,
這樣才叫有"藝術成份"嗎?
這只是一種題材的選擇、敘事的選擇罷了。
如果限制創作者不能選擇某類題材、不能選擇他的敘事方式去說他想說的事,
我們的世界將會看到什麼東西?我們只能看到那些已經被大多數人認同的事物,
我們只能看到那些被權力者檢驗過的"無害"事物,事實上我們永遠看不到
另一面赤裸卻真實的世界,只因我們被侷限的視野,
導致心存畏懼、不夠勇敢,所以拒斥。
色情、情慾題材,為什麼不能是電影可表現的題材?當評論者試圖將作品冠上
色情的標籤以貶低其藝術價值時,只是透露了他被侷限的觀點裡,
並未認知到"色情也是一種藝術表現的題材之一"這件事。
這樣的價值判斷預設了"藝術必定崇高、色情必定低俗"的標準,
但實際上"藝術"作為一廣泛模糊的指涉,在當代連定義何謂藝術都是一種困難的事,
更何況還為藝術預設崇高的價值,假如藝術真有我們想像中那麼崇高,
那肯定有很多我們現在所接受的東西,早在上個世紀時就不該被視為藝術並因此淘汰,
如漫畫、搖滾樂、爵士樂、嘻哈...
事實上大部份的觀者,並未區分何謂"藝術價值"與"審美價值",
並經常將個人的審美價值誤以為就是作品的藝術價值,並將個人預設的標準
強加在作品之上,企圖成為創作的標準(當然,這很少成功,只是影響輿論而已)。
審美價值,來自觀者的快感原則,主要目的是為了愉悅,即使這部電影讓你嚇得半死、
哭得亂七八糟,走出電影院後,你都會有種"很爽"的感覺,因為情緒獲得宣洩,
淺白點說,"有被感動到"。
藝術價值,來自資深、專業鑑賞者的判斷(只要任何人願意,他都有機會成為資深或專業
的鑑賞者),他們透過藝術史、藝術理論所積累的知識,
對作品進行形式、內容與社會文化上的分析與比較,不談自己的喜好與感動,而是
"就藝術論藝術",而非"就自我論藝術"也不會"就人生、就社會論藝術",假如我們
先預設了自我價值、人生價值、社會價值去論藝術,那我們的判斷標準只會侷限在
狹隘的自我的道德標準、喜好原則上,我們只會侷限在自我與一般社會認定的人生價值、
主流認知的社會價值上,卻無法為這個社會創造更多元的價值-假如我們認為多元社會
才是"較好的發展",那麼我們侷限自己的視野去決定藝術價值,不給予其生存空間,
恰恰扼殺了藝術的可能性。
因此,從審美價值的觀點出發,我們任何人都有權利說,我不喜歡蔡明亮的作品,
我不欣賞他的作品,我討厭色情作品。
不過,從藝術價值出發,這就無關喜歡或討厭了,我們需要靜下心來看完他的電影,
瞭解他過往的作品、當代其他類似題材與相近類型的電影,去比較、分析他的作品
有何變遷、或不變之處,有什麼形式元素被特別強調,什麼元素被忽略等等...
我們大部份的評論其實都混雜了審美價值與藝術價值雙重交疊的價值判斷在裡面,
因此我們需要時時審問自己,究竟我是因著審美價值、還是藝術價值對這作品
作出的評斷,還是我根本混淆了兩者,誤將某一價值取代在另一價值之上?
我討厭色情,因為色情很低俗,他的電影表現色情,所以他的電影很低俗-
這樣的論證很常見,但這段話卻不是在講電影的價值,
只是透過電影在講個人的價值觀,並試圖將個人價值凌駕在藝術價值上,
講這句話的人,只是從電影看到他自己,並不是真的在看電影。
一部電影表現的形式與內容可以很低俗,但藝術價值未必就是低俗的。
假如低俗就是創作者想說的話,而他真的將這種低俗感表現得淋漓盡致,
那麼,他的低俗就是一種藝術價值。
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