張愛玲 維基百科 - 李安

張愛玲（1920年9月30日—1995年9月8日），上海人，中國現代著名作家。主要作品包括
小說《金鎖記》、《傾城之戀》、《半生緣》、《怨女》、《赤地之戀》、《秧歌》等。
曾為香港電懋電影公司編寫《南北一家親》等六個劇本，之後也曾從事翻譯與考證工作。
張愛玲與宋淇、鄺文美夫婦有深交，她的作品就是透過宋淇介紹給夏志清的。後來夏志清
大大肯定張愛玲那不世出的才情，他的評價令張愛玲名譽國際。張愛玲遺物由宋淇夫婦繼
承，其中大部分交由皇冠出版社收藏。

生平簡介
1920年（一說為1921年），張愛玲於上海的麥根路（現在叫泰興路）出生。她的父母給她
取名叫做張煐。張愛玲家世顯赫，祖父張佩綸是清末名臣，祖母是晚清洋務派領袖朝廷重
臣李鴻章的女兒。父親張廷重是典型的遺少，母親黃素瓊則是留過洋的新女性。

1922年張愛玲全家搬家到天津。在那裏，張愛玲四歲就進入了私塾學習。

1928年張家又搬回了上海。

1930年張瑛被改名為張愛玲，這是為了上中學報名方便。「愛玲」為英文「Eileen」的譯
音。同年，張愛玲的父母離婚。

1931年張愛玲開始在上海白利南路美國聖公會所辦的貴族學校聖瑪利亞女中就讀。

1932年在該校的校刊上發表了她的短篇小說處女作《不幸的她》。

1933年在該校刊發表她的第一篇散文《遲暮》。

1937年在一些刊物上發表了多篇小說，並在這一年從中學畢業。

1939年考入香港大學。成績優異，連獲獎學金並有機會赴倫敦大學深造。日戰爆發後，不
得不中斷學業，回滬從事文學創作為生。

1943年發表幾篇重要著作，包括《沉香屑 第一爐香》、《傾城之戀》、《心經》等。同
年認識胡蘭成。並於1944年結婚。張愛玲在日本人佔領期間的「表現」，鮮為人知。[1]
，但是其婚姻並不長久，她與胡蘭成在1947年離婚。

1948年發表《十八春》（後來改名為《半生緣》）。

1952年遷居到香港。到香港美國新聞處工作。

1955年赴美國定居。

1956年，她得到了Edward MacDowell Colony 的寫作獎金。這一年她結識了劇作家賴雅，
同年八月在紐約與賴雅結婚 。開始創作小說《秧歌》與《赤地之戀》，小說的故事背景
是「三反、五反」時期。由於作品與當時中共的主流格調不合，被作為「毒草」而批判。
在大陸文學界，張愛玲也因此長期被作為反面典型，直到改革開放之後才有所改觀。

1957年─1964年 為香港電影業鉅子陸運濤的電影懋業公司編寫《情場如戰場》等劇本。

1967年，改編短篇小說《金鎖記》為《怨女》，又名《北地胭脂》。

1967年，賴雅去世，張愛玲獲邀擔任美國紐約雷德克裏芙學校駐校作家，並且開始將清朝
的長篇小說《海上花列傳》 翻譯成為英文。

1968年，《十八春》的內容經過修改以後重新定名為《半生緣》，在《皇冠》雜誌、香港
《星島晚報》進行連載。

1973年定居洛杉磯。

1991年，《張愛玲全集典藏版》由皇冠文學出版有限公司出版。

1995年9月8日，張愛玲逝世於洛杉磯寓所，享年74歲。同年9月19日，林式遵照其遺願，
同將她的遺體在洛杉機惠捷爾市玫瑰崗墓園火化。同年張之忌辰日（9月30日），林式同
與幾位文友將其骨灰撒在太平洋。遺物則由友人宋淇、鄺文美夫婦處理，其中大部分交由
皇冠出版社收藏。

1997年，旅美學者張錯在美國南加大成立「張愛玲文物特藏中心」為名，得到宋淇遺孀鄺
文美的同意，送了南加大圖書館兩箱張愛玲的遺稿，發現《海上花》英譯稿竟就在其中。

張愛玲作品
張愛玲一生創作大量文學作品。類型包括小說、散文、電影劇本以及文學論著，她的書信
也被人們作為著作的一部分加以研究。

張愛玲的作品《怨女》、《流言》、《半生緣》及《張愛玲短篇小說集》於1960、70年代
先後由臺北皇冠出版社重新出版，且於1980年代暢銷海內外。張愛玲小說風格對台灣戰後
文壇的小說流派影響深遠。電影劇本有由林黛主演的《不了情》。

2004年2月，臺灣皇冠文化集團在其50周年社慶之際，宣佈推出張愛玲的遺作《同學少年
都不賤》，這本突然曝光的著作據稱是張愛玲的最後一部遺稿。其後該書的簡體中文版權
也由天津人民出版社獲得。

2005年，皇冠出版社與大陸的書商合作，委託陳子善先生擔任主編，收錄她以往未曾正式
結集出版的散文、電影劇作、親筆插畫和個人遺物的照片，輯成新書《沉香》。


著作列表
半生緣 赤地之戀 怨女 流言 紅樓夢魘 海上花開 海上花落 秧歌 張看 惘然記
第一爐香 傾城之戀 對照記 餘韻 小團圓 愛默森選集(譯作) 同學少年都不賤








英文

Eileen Chang (Traditional Chinese: 張愛玲; Simplified Chinese: ??玲; Pinyin:
Zh?ng Ailing) (September 30, 1920–1995) was a Chinese writer. She also used
the pseudonym Liang Jing (梁京), though very rarely. Her works frequently
deal with the tensions between men and women in love, and are considered by
some scholars to be among the best Chinese literature of the period. Chang's
work describing life in 1940s Shanghai and occupied Hong Kong is remarkable
in its focus on everyday life and the absence of the political subtext which
characterised many other writers of the period. Yuan Qiongqiong was an author
in Taiwan that styled her literature exposing feminism after Eileen Chang's.


Eileen Chang
張愛玲
Pseudonym: Liang Jing
Born: September 30, 1920 Shanghai, China
Died: September 8, 1995 Los Angeles, US
Occupation: novelist, essayist, screenwriter
Writing period: 1932-1995
Genres: Literary fiction
Influences: Cao Xueqin



Early life

Born in Shanghai on September 30, 1920, to a renowned family, Eileen Chang's
paternal grandfather Zhang Peilun was a son-in-law to Li Hongzhang, an
influential Qing court official. Chang was named Zhang Ying (張瑛) at birth.
Her family moved to Tianjin in 1922, where she started school at the age of
four.

When Chang was five, her birth mother left for the United Kingdom after her
father took in a concubine. Chang's father became addicted to opium. Although
Chang's mother did return four years later, following her husband's promise
to quit the drug and split with the concubine, a divorce could not be
averted. Chang's unhappy childhood in the broken family probably gave her
later works their pessimistic overtone.

The family moved back to Shanghai in 1928. She started to read Dream of the
Red Chamber. Two years later, Chang was renamed Eileen (her Chinese first
name, Ailing, was actually a transliteration of Eileen) in preparation for
her entry into the Saint Maria Girls' School and her parents divorced. In
1932, she wrote her debut short novel.

During her secondary education, Chang was already deemed a genius in
literature. Her writings were published in the school magazine. In 1939, she
was accepted into the University of Hong Kong to study Literature. She also
received a scholarship to study in the University of London, though the
opportunity had to be given up due to the ongoing Pacific War. Hong Kong fell
to the Empire of Japan on December 25, 1941. The Japanese Occupation of Hong
Kong would last until 1945.

Chang had left occupied Hong Kong for her native Shanghai. She fed herself
with what she was best at - writing. It was during this period when some of
her most acclaimed works, including Qing Cheng Zhi Lian (傾城之戀) and Jin
Suo Ji (金鎖記), were penned.



First marriage

Chang met her first husband Hu Lancheng (胡蘭成) in 1943 and married him in
the following year. She loved him dearly, despite his being already married
as well as labelled a traitor for collaborating with the Japanese. When Japan
was defeated in 1945, Hu escaped to Wenzhou, where he fell in love with yet
another woman. When Chang traced him to his refuge, she realized she could
not salvage the marriage. They finally divorced in 1947.



Life in the United States

In 1952, Chang migrated back to Hong Kong, where she worked as a translator
for the American News Agency for three years. She then left for the United
States in the fall of 1955, never to return to Mainland China again.

Second marriage

In New York, Chang met her second husband, the American scriptwriter
Ferdinand Reyer, whom she married in August 1956. Reyer was paralyzed after
he was hit by strokes in 1961, while Chang was on a trip to Taiwan, and
eventually died in 1967. After Reyer's death, Chang held short-term jobs at
Radcliffe College and UC Berkeley.

Translation work

Chang relocated to Los Angeles in 1973. Two years later, she completed the
English translation of The Sing-song Girls of Shanghai (海上花列傳, literally
The Biography of Hai Shang Hua), a celebrated Qing novel in the Wu dialect by
Han Bangqing 韓邦慶, 1856-1894. She became increasingly reclusive in her
later years.

Death

Chang was found dead in her apartment on September 8, 1995, by her
Iranian-American landlord. The fact that she was only found a few days after
her death testifies of her seclusion. Her death certificate states the
immediate cause of her death to be Arteriosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
(ASCVD). According to her will, she was cremated without any open funeral and
her ashes were released to the Pacific Ocean.



Works

《秧歌》 (The Rice Sprout Song)
《赤地之戀》
《流言》 (Written on Water)
《怨女》 (The Rouge of the North)
《傾城之戀-張愛玲短篇小說集之一》
《第一爐香-張愛玲短篇小說集之二》
《半生緣》(Eighteen Springs)
《張看》
《紅樓夢魘》
《海上花開-國語海上花列傳一》
《海上花落-國語海上花列傳二》
《惘然記》
惘然記
色，戒 (Lust, Caution)
浮花浪蕊
相見歡
多少恨
殷寶艷送花樓會
情場如戰場
《續集》
《餘韻》
《對照記》
《愛默森選集》 (The Selection of Emerson)
《同學少年都不賤》
《沉香》



Works in English translation

＊Love in a Fallen City (published in October 2006 by New York Review Books)
　Translated by Karen Kingsbury and Eileen Chang. ISBN 1-59017-178-0
＊"The Golden Cangue" (金鎖記) is found in Modern Chinese Stories and Novellas,
　1919-1949 (ed. Joseph S M Lau et al.) HC ISBN 0-231-04202-7 PB ISBN
　0-231-04203-5
＊Naked Earth (tr. of 赤地之戀) Hong Kong: Union Press, 1956.
＊The Rice Sprout Song: a Novel of Modern China (tr. of 秧歌 by the author) HC
　ISBN 0-520-21437-4, PB ISBN 0-520-21088-3
＊The Rouge of the North (tr. of 怨女) HC ISBN 0-520-21438-2 PB 0520210875
＊Traces of Love and Other Stories PB ISBN 962-7255-22-X
＊The Sing-song Girls of Shanghai (Eileen Chang's tr. of Han Bangqing's novel)
　ISBN 0-231-12268-3
＊Written on Water (tr. of 流言 by Andrew Jones) ISBN 0-231-13138-0



Films

Chang has written several film scripts. Some of her works have been filmed
and shown on the silver screen as well.

＊Bu Liao Qing (1947) (不了情, modified from novel 多少恨, published as movie
　script)
＊Tai Tai Wan Sui (1947) (太太萬歲)
＊Ai Le Zhong Nian (1949) (哀樂中年)
＊Jin Suo Ji (1950) (金鎖記, The Golden Cangue)
＊Qing Chang Ru Zhan Chang (1957) (情場如戰場, The Battle Of Love, script
　written in 1956)
＊Ren Cai Liang De (unknown) (人財兩得, script written in 1956)
＊Tao hua yun (1959) (桃花運, The Wayward Husband, script written in 1956)
＊Liu yue xin niang (1960) (六月新娘, The June Bride)
＊Wen Rou Xiang (1960) (溫柔鄉)
＊Nan Bei Yi Jia Qin (1962) (南北一家親)
＊Xiao er nu (1963) (小儿女, Father takes a Bride)
＊Nan Bei Xi Xiang Feng (1964) (南北喜相逢)
＊Yi qu nan wang (1964) (一曲難忘, a.k.a. 魂歸离恨天)
＊Qing Cheng Zhi Lian (1984) (傾城之戀, Love in a Fallen City)
＊Yuan Nu (1988) (怨女)
＊Gun Gun Hong Chen (1990) (滾滾紅塵, Red Dust)
＊Hong Meigui Yu Bai Meigui (1994) (紅玫瑰与白玫瑰, The Red Rose and the
　White Rose)
＊Ban Sheng Yuan (1997) (半生緣, Yuan of Half a Life, also known as Eighteen
　Springs)
＊Hai Shang Hua (1998, 海上花, Flowers of Shanghai)
＊Lust, Caution (2007) (色，戒)



See also

List of Chinese authors
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_authors



External links

Collected drawings of Eileen Chang, Shanghai 1936-1946 in mini-tofu#7
http://www.tofu-magazine.net/newVersion/pages/home.htm
Eileen Chang in Chinese Movie Database (Chinese)
http://www.dianying.com/ft/person/ZhangAiling
Eileen Chang at the Internet Movie Database
http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0151690/



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「見了他，她變得很低很低，低到塵埃裡，但她心裡是歡喜的，從塵埃裡開出花來。」

張愛玲 上色:skykissx

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